Entrepreneurship And Business Skills The WritePass Journal

Enterprise And Business Skills Question 1 Enterprise And Business Skills ). The greatest impediment that I have needed to confront is the negative qualities that I gangs. In any case, after some time I have arrived at the resolution that what one needs on one side, they make up for it on the other. I am for example a poor organizer. The system of contacts that I began with was extremely thin and since I am not very great at associating with individuals, the circumstance didn't beat that. What I needed system aptitudes, I compensated for in responsibility and assurance. The significant thing is to coordinate the quality that makes up for your shortcoming and apply it (Hauser, 2012). Despite the fact that, I was unable to interface with individuals effectively, I could depend on myself to take care of business. The inclination that I was a ‘outsider’ decreased my dependence on different people’s help and I submerged myself in the crucial I progressed in the direction of. Disappointment was not a setback yet rather a chance to learn and s tay away from a comparable misstep later on. Because of my responsibility and assurance, forthcoming accomplices looked for me and my system developed not on the grounds that I was acceptable at interfacing with others but since of my drive to succeed that spoke to them. It is critical to discover one’s shortcomings and qualities followed by systems to turn the shortcomings around. Each business is a whole framework that contains various errands which can't be practiced by a solitary individual regardless of how solid that individual is. Accordingly, the best methodology is to concentrate an individual’s vitality on those zones that they are solid along these lines making up for the shortcomings (Collins and Lazier, 1995). I applied the suggested procedure by Collins and Lazier in my shortcoming with respect to poor relational abilities by augmenting on my capacity to think about the comprehensive view. In spite of the fact that I was unable to convince individuals to help my perspectives, thoughts and business in general, I could see the examples and connections in the earth I exchanged. These examples and connections made me a great indicator of market just as contender moves. Thus, I didn't need to convince anybody to follow my lead, embrace my thoughts, or take part in exchanges with me in light of the fact that the insights chatted for my sake. The reliable positive outcomes made others to pick up trust in me. The other attribute that distraught me was my solid activity direction that made me some of the time want to act before far reaching consideration. There are a few events that my endeavors fizzled coming about because of my quick activities that depended on fragmented data. These endeavors flopped yet I didn't abandon them and rather continued difficult until they succeeded. My solid activity direction was my shortcoming yet the inspiration to exceed expectations is the quality that maintained a strategic distance from my defeat. Each time I went into an endeavor since I wanted to act, my objective and result direction pushed me until the objective was accomplished. I defeated my shortcomings through the qualities that made up for what I needed. I would prescribe such a way to deal with each person who wants to survive or transform their shortcomings into qualities. Question 3 I would pick the job of either a coordinator or an arbitrator. Frequently the gathering is part over which is the privilege and an inappropriate way to deal with a movement or undertaking (Adeak, 2010). Each person in the gathering assumes that their thought, recommendation, or plan is the right one. Be that as it may, the best arrangement, system, and association originate from broad planning, appraisal, and thought. I organize these three components since I don't prefer to attempt an errand while ill-equipped and I set my focus on accomplishing the objective in this way the methodology utilized, the association picked and the system planned all must be fixated on the objective. Since this is a gathering movement, accomplishing the objective isn't just subject to my exertion yet on each gathering member’s exertion. It is subsequently my duty to sort out the group and guarantee that the arrangement that I have figured to accomplish the objective is coordinated into the entire group. Group association is a basic segment of long haul accomplishment of any business along these lines guaranteeing the team’s strategies and plans are detailed and each colleague is alloted a job that they will perform successfully would ensure positive outcomes (Collins and Lazier, 1995). A specific event that I assumed this job was in an exploration venture on promoting where I separated the gathering into sub-gatherings with the goal that each sub-gathering could inquire about on a sub-point which would then be trailed by union of all the sub-subjects. The job of an arbitrator would likewise be a fitting job for me since I am fair-minded and keep up a receptive outlook consistently. Through such a methodology I accept the interests of each gathering part would be tended to thusly guaranteeing that no part is disappointed. One obstacle that frequently emerges in bunch exercises is the portion of assets and goals of inward contradictions (Adeak, 2010). I have faith in reasonable treatment and thusly would guarantee the assets are facilitated and apportioned decently. This progression would likewise help lessen differences in the gathering. This quality means that the arbitrator is a suitable job for me. The job that I would least play in a gathering is that of a pundit. This is significantly on the grounds that I decide to take a gander at things emphatically though the pundit looks for the blemish so as to uncover it. A group should be inspired so as to perform well yet analysis frequently hoses the inspiration of the group (Adeak, 2010). This job is accordingly not proper for me by any stretch of the imagination. References Brockhaus, R. H. (1982), The Psychology of the Entrepreneur. In Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship , altered by Calvin A. Kent, Donald L. Sexton, and Karl H. Vesper, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Collins, J. C. what's more, Lazier, W. C. (1995), Beyond Entrepreneurship: Turning Your Business into an Enduring Great Company, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Caird, S. (1990), What does it intend to be Enterprising? English Journal of Management, vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 37â€145. Gunther, M., R. what's more, MacMillan, I. (2000), The Entrepreneurial Mindset, Harvard Business School Press, Boston. Hauser, A. (2012), How to Overcome Business Weaknesses, Resources for business visionaries, saw May 2, 2012, gaebler.com/Small-Business-Administration-SBA-Advice.htm What is a Team Role Structure? Adeak. 2010, saw May 2, 2012, adeak.com/2010/02/what-is-a-group job structure/

Physiological life-long process Essay Example for Free

Physiological deep rooted process Essay Maturing principally is a physiological deep rooted process, beginning at origination and consummation with death (Kart, 1994). People develop old in any case. These changes, both constructive and antagonistic, place requests on the maturing person’s capacities to adapt to and adjust to new life circumstances. It is a test for some random society to help their matured in adapting to the new life circumstances they are confronting. Lamentably, the quick social changes occurring in the public arena don't generally loan themselves toward helping the older fulfill a mind-blowing needs circumstances. For one, the mentality toward this populace isn't helping them adapt to it also. As per history specialist Fischer, 1977 in Doress-Worters Seigel, 1994), the old is viewed as futile, ugly, and undesirable particularly in the west. Recognizing these real factors of maturing, the ebb and flow inquire about has been embraced to contemplate the experience of emotional prosperity of senior residents of Gladys Spellan. This will be from the perspective of their directors, especially on their perspectives on prosperity and the variables that impact it. Targets/Outcomes This examination along these lines, will endeavor to accomplish the accompanying destinations: 1) Understand the encounters of the senior residents of Gladys Spellman in the home for the matured from the point of view of their chairmen: a) Their comprehension or thought of prosperity b) And the parts of prosperity and components that impact it. I for one picked this theme since I accept that as increasingly more older are set under standardized consideration in contemporary society, an examination, for example, this is expected to investigate this marvel. It would reveal insight into the emotional lives encounters of the matured from an administrators’ see point. This would likewise add to the writing here and fill in as basis for additional examinations around there. This investigation will investigate the emotional prosperity (SWB) of the older in Gladys Spellmen who selected to live in a systematized set up or in a home for the matured by decision. The accompanying structure will be utilized as a guide in the investigation: Method The initial phase in the examination was the get-together of optional information that are relevant to the present point, grouping writing on the idea of prosperity, markers of the intellectual and full of feeling parts, and the elements which contribute towards it. A contextual investigation will be utilized in the present examination, concentrating on Gladys Spellmen Specialty Center. A semi-organized meeting guide has been utilized in social event essential information from the directors of the establishment. Meeting. All the meeting meetings with directors will be one-on-one or individual meetings, for which the specialist has written down notes. A meeting with the members kept going around 45 to 90 minutes,sometimes with a break in the middle of or without it. The individual data sheet will be finished previously or after the meeting with them. The specialist will record highlights while talking with which will be specifically investigated. References Kart, C. S. (1994). The real factors of maturing: A prologue to gerontology (fourth ed. ). Boston: Allyn Bacon. Doress-Worters P. B. , Seigel, D. L. (1994). The enhanced ourselves becoming more established. Ladies maturing with an information and force. New York: Simon Schuster.

Understanding Body Language and Facial Expressions

Understanding Body Language and Facial Expressions Communication is very important. Without the ability to communicate, it would have been impossible for humans to cooperate and collaborate with each other, and much of the development we take for granted today would have been nothing but a dream.When we talk about face to face communication, most people tend to think about verbal communication â€" conveying information and expressing our feelings using our voice. While verbal communication is important, it makes up only a minor part of communication.A large part of communication happens non-verbally. Verbal communication is usually accompanied and enhanced by body language and facial expressions. According to experts, our facial expressions and body movements account for about 55% what we communicate.This means that, when you are in a conversation with others and do not know how to read their facial expressions and body language, you are missing out on more than half of the conversation.In this article, we take an in-depth look at wh at body language is, how to read and interpret it and how to project positive body language when you are in conversation with other people.WHAT IS BODY LANGUAGE? When we are in conversation with other people, what we are saying verbally is usually accompanied by some bodily movements â€" arms movements, hand gestures, facial expressions, head movements, changes in body posture, changes in the position of our feet, and so on.These bodily movements do not happen randomly. The movements are in perfect symphony with what we are feeling at the moment. These movements are a language onto themselves, helping us convey feelings and information that we cannot effectively convey using our words.Think about an imaginary situation where you are meeting a friend you had not seen in a while. The moment the friend sees you walking towards them, their face breaks into a smile, and you probably smile back.Before the two of you even get the chance to say hi to each other, both of you have communicate d that you are happy to see each other.The movements that constitute body language often occur subconsciously â€" we make them without even thinking about it.Similarly, our minds subconsciously read the body language and facial expressions of others, without our having to think about it, without even being aware that we are seeing them.The body movements and facial expressions are controlled by a part of the brain known as the limbic brain.While projecting our own body language and reading what others are saying with their body movements mostly occurs subconsciously, it is something that we can learn to do at a conscious level.Being consciously attuned to both our own and others body language makes us more effective communicators and gives us an advantage in conversations.When you are able to correctly interpret other people’s body language, you can get the complete message of what they are trying to say, you have a better idea of what the person is really thinking and you have a more accurate awareness of their reaction to what you are saying.Having a good understanding of body language also gives you the ability to adjust your own body language so as to enhance the message you are trying to communicate to others.Below are some of the major elements of body language and how they are used in non-verbal communication.THE EYESIt is with good reason that the eyes are referred to as the windows to the soul. Eye behavior can be very revealing during a conversation. Watch a person’s eyes when you are talking to them. Do they make eye contact, or do they avert their gaze? How are their pupils? Is the person blinking a lot?If a person maintains eye contact during a conversation, this is an indicator that they are captivated and paying attention to what you are saying. Sometimes, eye contact can also be used to intimidate, especially when coupled with other threatening body language signals.If a person is constantly looking away, this indicates that they are either uncomfortable or distracted, or they probably don’t want you to know their real feelings. Looking down during a conversation may be an indication of nervousness or submissiveness.A person’s blinking rate is also an indicator of what’s going on in their mind. A lot of blinking might be and indicator that the person is stressed or uncomfortable. Increased blinking, when coupled with touching of the face (especially the eyes and mouth), can be an indication that a person is lying.Pupil size is also quite telling. Dilated pupils often mean that a person likes or is interested in something. It can also be an indication of arousal, which is the reason behind the term bedroom eyes.You should also watch a person’s glances, which can suggest a person’s desire for something. For instance, if someone glances at the door or the clock, this could indicate that they want to leave, or that their time is up.THE FACEThere is just so much information and so many expressions that can be con veyed through facial expressions. Think about situations where a person is happy, sad, angry, surprised, shocked, excited, in fear, and so on. By simply looking at the person’s face, you can immediately tell what they are feeling, without them having to tell you anything.What’s more, the facial expressions for most of these feelings are universal, which means that you can tell when a person is happy or angry even when you don’t speak the same language, even when you are from different cultures.One of the most common facial indicators of emotions is the smile. A smile indicates that a person is happy or pleased about something. It’s also good to note that some smiles are not genuine. A genuine smile should engage the whole face.If a person’s smile is limited to the mouth, that could indicate that the person is just trying to appear happy, while they are feeling something else on the inside. A half smile, on the other hand, may show uncertainty or sarcasm. Similarly, a frown or grimace means that a person is displeased with something.Apart from the typical facial expressions that express the common emotions, there are other mouth movements that can tell you what exactly a person is feeling. For instance, tight, pursed lips may indicate that a person is displeased about something.Biting of the lips may mean that a person is feeling nervous, stressed or worried. If you notice a person touching their lips or covering their mouth, this is an indicator that they are either lying or trying to prevent you from reading their true emotions.HEAD MOVEMENTSThe movements of the head are also important non-verbal cues. For instance, in most places around the world, a nod is taken as a yes or as a sign of approval, while shaking your head sideways means no or disapproval. You should watch a person’s head movements carefully.For instance, a person might be verbally expressing their approval about something, but then they unconsciously and subtly shake their head sid eways. While it might be difficult to catch the movement, this is an indication that the person does not agree with what they are saying verbally. The speed of head movements also gives important cues.For instance, if someone nods slowly in response to what you are saying, this shows that the person is captivated by your words and wants you to continue talking. If the person nods quickly, this might mean that they are impatient for you to finish what you are saying so that they can share their opinion or leave.A sideways tilt of the head is another sign that a person is interested in what you are saying. If they tilt their head backwards, this could be a sign that they don’t really believe what you are saying.PROXIMITYThe distance people maintain between themselves and other people is another indicator as to what they feel about the other person. What happens when someone stands too close to you? I bet you feel uncomfortable, right?People like to keep some distance between them an d strangers or people they are not comfortable with, only allowing people they feel comfortable with to get closer to them. The concept of proxemics, introduced by anthropologist Edward T. Hall, suggests that there are four zones of personal space.The first zone is the intimate distance zone, which ranges from direct contact to about 2 feet. This zone is reserved for people who are loved and trusted, such as romantic partners and siblings. If someone untrusted gets inside this zone, we get into the fight or flight mode, we feel uncomfortable.The second zone is the personal distance zone, which ranges between 2 and 5 feet. This zone is reserved for family members and friends. The third zone is the social distance zone, which ranges from 5 to 10 feet. This zone is maintained between people who are acquaintances. They know each other, but the level of comfort and trust between them is still low.Finally, we have the public distance zone, which is larger than 10 feet. This kind of distan ce is typically maintained during public speaking. This distance is also great for observing other people without actually interacting with them.Watching how people use personal distance can give you a lot of clues about their feelings. For instance, if someone comes close to you during a conversation, it shows that they are comfortable with you.However, it’s always good to watch for other signals, since getting into a person’s personal space can also be a sign of aggression and intimidation. If you move close to someone and they move back, it shows that they are not comfortable, so you should give them their space.GESTURESThe signals we make with our hands are a very obvious and very direct means of non-verbal communication. If I point at something without saying a word, you will immediately understand that I want you to look in that direction.If you ask me how many people are coming to a meeting and I lift up four fingers, you will automatically understand that four people wil l be coming to the meeting. If I give you a thumbs up, you will understand that I approve of what you are doing, while a thumbs up means that I don’t approve.While most gestures are easy to understand, it is good to take note that some gestures might have different meanings in different countries or cultures, so it is good to get acquainted with a person’s culture before attempting to use some gestures on them.For instance, giving a thumbs up is a sign of approval in the United States, but it might be very offensive in some Middle Eastern countries.ARM MOVEMENTS AND POSITIONSApart from gestures, how you move and position your hands also communicates things you might not have intended to.For instance, if you place one elbow on a table and support your head on your hand in a meeting, this indicates that you are attentive and focused on what is being said.If you do the same thing with both hands, it can be taken as a sign of boredom. Holding your hands behind your back during a con versation can be taken as a sign of boredom or anger. Crossing your arms in front of you, on the other hand, indicates that you are being defensive or that you are guarded.Standing with your arms on your hips can be taken as a sign of assertiveness and being in control. In some cases, it can also be seen as a sign of aggressiveness.THE FEETJust like the arms, a person’s feet also give important clues as to what is going on inside the person’s head. Knowing how to read the cues being provided by a person’s feet is important because it usually happens unintentionally.A person might control their hand movements, posture and facial expressions in an attempt to deceive you, but most of them will forget that their feet are also sending out clues. People’s feet normally point to the direction they want to go, whether they are standing or seated.If you notice a person’s feet are pointed towards you, this is a sign that they perceive you favorably and are immersed into what you are saying.If their feet are pointed away, towards the door for instance, this shows that they can’t wait to get out of there. They might be smiling to what you are saying and feigning interest, but deep inside, they can’t wait for you to finish what you are saying.In addition to the direction of the feet, the position of a person’s legs can also give you clues about their inner thoughts. If a person keeps their legs open (when seated), it means that they are comfortable with the interaction. If their legs are crossed, then this means that the person is trying to protect their privacy.BODY POSTUREGrowing up, my mother regularly scolded me for slouching, and it wasn’t until later in life that I learnt why she wanted me to ditch the habit. How we hold our bodies has an impact on how others perceive us. It also acts as an expression of what we are feeling at the moment.Whether you are feeling open and confident or fearful and submissive, your body posture shows it. Sitting or stan ding upright, with your back straight and your head held high shows that you are a confident, active and alert person.If you project this posture when listening to someone, it shows that you are paying attention to what they are saying.Standing or sitting with your back hunched forward and your head held low, on the other hand, shows that you are not confident in yourself, or that you are lazy or sad. It can also convey disinterest in whatever is going on.MIRRORINGMirroring can also provide you with a lot of clues when you are in a conversation. Mirroring is a social phenomenon where a person mimics the body language of the person they are in conversation with.For instance, you might have noticed that when two people are deeply engrossed in a conversation, one of them leaning inwards might result in the other one doing the same thing. Mirroring occurs subconsciously when two people are in tune and in synch with each other.Therefore, when you notice that someone is mirroring your act ions, it means that they are in synch with you, that they are deeply captivated by the conversation. While mirroring occurs unconsciously, you can use it on a conscious level to create rapport with someone you are conversing with.Try to subtly match their body language. For instance, if their arms are crossed, subtly cross yours as well. As you do this, their mind will unconsciously pick up your actions and will deduce that you are in synch with them, therefore making them more comfortable with the conversation.HOW TO PROJECT POSITIVE BODY LANGUAGEIn the above section, we have looked at some of the major elements of body language that you should watch out for when communicating with others. In this section, we will take a look at how you can project positive body language and use it to enhance what you are communicating and how others perceive you in different situations.Body Language for a Confident First ImpressionBelow are some tips on how to use body language to create a great f irst impression:Maintain eye contact: When in a conversation, look into a person’s eyes and hold their gaze for a few seconds at a time. This shows that you are confident and that you are engaged in what they are saying. However, don’t hold the gaze for too long, since it might come off as creepy or intimidating.Use a firm handshake: A firm handshake is another signal that shows you are confident in yourself. Make your handshake seem natural. Don’t make it appear like you are trying too hard.Maintain an open posture: Whether you are seated or standing, maintain a relaxed but upright posture and avoid slouching. This will make you come across as someone who is confident in his skin.Don’t touch your face: Touching your face during conversation is often associated with lying, so it can make you come across as dishonest and untrustworthy, even if you are not.During Public SpeakingPositive body language helps you project confidence when you are speaking in public, which in turn m akes people more likely to trust you. Below are some tips on how to project positive body language during public speaking:Keep your head up: When speaking in public, you should keep your head up and level. Avoid looking downwards, since it will make you come across as timid. Leaning too far backward, on the other hand, can make you look arrogant.Maintain good posture: Make sure that your posture is upright, with your back straight and your shoulders held back. However, don’t be too rigid. Your posture should be relaxed. Avoid the temptation to pocket your hands.Use open hand gestures: Gestures can make you look confident and engaged in your speech. Your hands should be held slightly apart, rather than directly in front of you. Your palms should face towards the audience. This makes you come across as open and shows your willingness to share ideas with the audience.Interviews and Negotiations Body language is also important in interviews and negotiations. It can help you appear con fident, calm and composed. Below are some tips on how to use body language in such situations:Maintain good posture: Sit with your back straight, your shoulders back and your head held high. This will make you appear confident, which is critical in an interview or negotiation.Relax your body: Interviews and negotiations can be anxiety-inducing situations, but try to keep your body relaxed. Keep your hands still in front of you. Avoid the temptation to fidget, since this indicates that you are nervous.Use mirroring: In such situations, mirroring the body language of the other person will unconsciously make them feel that the two of you are in synch, which will increase your chances of getting a favorable outcome.WRAPPING UPDuring conversations, our bodies say a lot more than what we say with our words, so it is critical to learn how to read and interpret body language and facial expressions.Understanding body language will make your better at understanding the message others are tryi ng to convey and will also enhance your ability to communicate effectively.You might have noticed that many of the body language signals may indicate more than one feeling or expression, so the best way to accurately interpret body language is to look at multiple signals that their body might be giving, as well as the context of what they are saying verbally.

Confirming Supreme Court Nominees

U.S. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia died unexpectedly in February 2016, leaving President Barack Obama with a rare opportunity to nominate a third member of the nations highest court and dramatically swing the ideological balance to the left. Within hours of Scalias death, though, a partisan fight erupted over whether Obama should choose Scalias replacement or leave the choice to the president being elected in 2016. Senate Republican leaders vowed to stall or block an Obama nominee. The political battle raised an interesting question: How long does it actually take the Senate to confirm a presidents Supreme Court nominee? And would there be enough time in the last year of Obamas second and final term to push a nominee through the often nasty confirmation process? Scalia was found dead on Feb. 13, 2016. There were 342 days remaining in Obamas term. Here are three things to know about how long it takes to confirm Supreme Court nominees. It Takes An Average of 25 Days An analysis of Senate action on Supreme Court nominees since 1900 found that it takes less than a month for the candidate to be either confirmed or rejected or in some cases to withdraw from consideration altogether. Current Court Members Were Confirmed in 2 Months The eight members of the Supreme Court at the time of Scalias death were confirmed in an average of 68 days, an analysis of government records found. Heres a look at how many days the Senate took to confirm members of those eight Supreme Court justices, from shortest duration to longest: John G. Roberts Jr.: 19 days. He was nominated by President George W. Bush on Sept. 6, 2005, and confirmed on Sept. 25 by a vote of 78 to 22.Ruth Bader Ginsburg: 50 days. She was nominated by President Bill Clinton on June 14, 1993, and confirmed on Aug. 3, 1993, by a vote of 96 to 3.Anthony M. Kennedy: 65 days. He was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on Nov. 30, 1987, and confirmed on Feb 3, 1988, by a vote of 97 to 0.Sonia Sotomayor: 66 days. She was nominated by President Barack Obama on June 1, 2009, and was confirmed on August 6, 2009, by a vote of 68 to 31.Stephen G. Breyer: 74 days. He was nominated by President Bill Clinton on May 17, 1994, and confirmed on July 29, 1994, by a vote of 87 to 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Samuel Anthony Alito Jr: 82 days. He was nominated by President George W. Bush on Nov. 10, 2005, and confirmed on Jan. 31, 2006, by a vote of 58 to 42.Elena Kagan: 87 days. She was nominated by Obama on May 10, 2010, and confirmed on August 5, 2010, by a vote of 63-37.Cla rence Thomas: 99 days. He was nominated by President George H.W. Bush on July 8, 1991, and confirmed on Oct. 15, 1991, by a vote of 52 to 48. The Longest Confirmation Ever Took 125 Days The longest the U.S. Senate has ever take to confirm a Supreme Court nominee was 125 days, or more than four months, according to government records. The nominee was Louis Brandeis, the first Jew to ever be chosen for a seat on the high court. President Woodrow Wilson tapped Brandeis on Jan. 28, 1916, and the Senate didnt vote until June 1 of that year. Brandeis, who entered Harvard Law School without earning a traditional college degree beforehand, faced allegations of holding political views that were too radical. His most vocal critics included former presidents of the American Bar Association and former President William Howard Taft. He is not a fit person to be a member of the Supreme Court of the United States, the Bar Association presidents wrote. The second-longest confirmation battle ended with the rejection of the nominee, Reagan pick Robert Bork, after 114 days, Senate records show. Last Election-Year Nominee Was Confirmed in 2 Months Funny things happen in presidential election years, however. Lame-duck presidents get very little done and are often powerless. That being said, the last time a president pushed for confirmation of a Supreme Court justice during a presidential election year was in 1988, for Reagans choice of Kennedy for the court. The Senate, controlled by Democrats at the time, took 65 days to confirm the Republican presidents nominee. And it did so unanimously, 97 to 0.

Strategic Analysis of Easyjet - 4767 Words

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT QUESTION. TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION AN INTERNATIONAL OR DOMESTIC ORGANISATION THAT YOU BELIEVE HAS ACHIEVED SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE IN THE PAST YEAR, USE RELEVANT FRAMEWORKS AND MODELS TO APPRAISE CRITICALLY THE THIS COMPANY. TABLE OF CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION (COMPANY BACKGROUND) 1. DEFINITION OF TERMS 1.1 VISION AND MISION STATEMENT 1.1.1. STRATEGY 2. PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL INDUSTRY STRUCTURE, OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS 2.1. THE ENVIRONMENT- STEEP 2.2. THE INDUSTRY’S STRUCTURE – PORTER’S FIVE FORCES 2.3. SWOT ANALYSIS 2.3.1. INTERNAL ANALYSIS (STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES) 2.3.2. EXTERNAL ANALYSIS (OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS) 3. PART†¦show more content†¦(352). 1.1.1 STRATEGY According to Jan Havenga amp; Llse Hobbs in A practical guide to Strategy†¦.’ The term strategy is considered by many to be a weighty subject. It is neither like a science nor a profession and has been in its military form for ages. But it’s new in other aspects(less than 50yrs) as a discipline or field of study. Hitt at al define strategy as; an integrated and coordinated set of commitments and actions designed to exploit core competencies and gain a competitive advantage†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(p.9). 2. PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL INDUSTRY STRUCTURE, OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS. 2.1. THE ENVIRONMENT - STEEP The features or elements listed below are likely to have an impact on the airline industry and should be considered when formulating an effective company strategy for easyJet. Socio -cultural factors. †¢ The expectation of people to fly at cheaper rates is growing alongside the number of low-cost carriers. Hence easyJet is faced by competitors that are ready and able to match its prices on similar routes. easyJet has concentrated on maintaining its low costs in order to remain competitive. †¢ London particularly in the UK is known as a popular travel destination for people around the world. easyJet, considering people with lower income,Show MoreRelatedThe strategic analysis of EasyJet and Easy Group --the analysis of organisational assets and Growth-share Matrix analysis for the Easy Group3795 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction The assignment was based on a strategic marketing analysis of Easy Jet and Easy Group. It will be carried out through two exclusive parts. In the first part, firstly, we are going to give a general overview on easyJets assets, then mainly concentrate on its critical capability which formed its core competence. Essentially, historical comparison approach was adopted to evaluate the organizations relative strengths and weakness. The second one is by constructing a Growth-share MatrixRead MoreManagement Accounting Information Aids Managers1639 Words   |  7 PagesEasyjet Plc. was established in 1995 and has grown from flying from London Luton to Edinburgh and Glasgow to 2015 where Easy Jet now flies over 600 different routes and operates across over 30 countries. Easy jet expanded its business activities to include the sale of package holidays and hotel bookings. Easy Jet has strategic objectives in which it likes to follow. These objectives are set out in Easy Jets 2014 Annual and Financial report. The objectives are as follows: - 1. Drive demand, ConversionRead MoreStrategy Easyjet887 Words   |  4 Pages2.1 Strategy EasyJet has adopted its business model from Southwest Airlines from the United states. It is adapted to the European market trough further cost-cutting measures. Important points in this business model are high aircraft utilization, short times on airport, charging for not needed extras and put much efforts in keeping the operating costs low. The key words in the strategy of Easy jet are â€Å"low price and no frill† based on Porter’s generic strategies (2.1.1) (appendix XX). This statesRead MoreEasyjet Case Study1039 Words   |  5 PagesStudy Corporate success of EasyJet EasyJet focuses on a cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy. Central to the easy philosophy is yield management. The Easy model provides to the customer functional services at the lowest possible price, on the basis of the real value of the basics of the service provided, avoiding any unessential frills. EasyJet was launched in 1995 and was the pioneer in the economical airlines segment. The PESTEL analysis of EasyJet airlines shown in figure 1Read MoreEasyjet, The Main Strategy Of Easyjet Essay1476 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction EasyJet plc is a low-cost passenger airline what conducts it’s operations throughout the United Kingdom and mainland Europe. Bloomberg. (2016) Easyjet Plc. [Online] [31st October 2016] http://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/companies/EZJ:LN-easyjet-plc The main strategy of Easyjet is to be Europe’s preferred short-haul airline, delivering market-leading returns. Easyjet Corporate. (2015) Annual report and accounts 2015. [Online] [31st October 2016] http://corporate.easyjet.com/~/medRead MoreEasyjet Is A British Airline Based At London Luton Airport1564 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION EasyJet is a British airline based at London Luton Airport. Sir Stelios Haji-loannou founded EasyJet in 1995 with the vision of creating a customer-focused brand that would revolutionize the concept of air travel. More than fifteen years on, EasyJet is the Europe’s leading airline and the largest airline in the United Kingdom carrying over 50 million passengers a year and flyting to over 600 routes across 30 countries. EasyJet flies to 44 out of 50 Europe’s largest airports and holdsRead MoreRyanair Plc : A British Airline And Will Provide A Brief Summary About The Company1636 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: This essay is about Easyjet Plc which is a British airline and will provide a brief summary about the company. It will make arguments on how Management Accounting information could aid the managers of the business, evaluating how Budgeting, Variance Analysis and Activity Based could be utilized within the company and will provide ways in which the managers could keep in mind to make recommendations and decisions. EasyJet Plc: EasyJet Plc founded in 1995 by a Greek Cypriot businessmanRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Easyjet1159 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Innovators and bold in their ventures in business EasyJet are key contenders within the European economic market and despite Brexit, have huge scope to succeed in a tactical relocation in a suitable EU member state after Great Britain imminently leaves the European Union. Background Founded by Greek billionaire Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou and driven by CEO Dame Carolyn McCall since taking her post in 2010. EasyJet launched in 1995, and has made a niche market for itself as cheap andRead Morete te tet tete te Essay2496 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿PEST Analysis of Airline Industry? Hi, Im doing an assignment conducting a strategic analysis of EasyJet and have to do a PEST analysis of the industry. Can anyone offer me any help outlining the main ...show more Update : I have a good idea about what to cover in each section but Im ...show more . Best Answer Tristen B answered 6 years ago PESTLE analysis if you are including legal and environmental. AirlinesRead MoreAnalysis of Ryanair and Its Business Environment1871 Words   |  7 Pagescom, Ryanair operates more 1600 daily flights from over 68 bases across 1600 routes with 186 destinations in 30 countries. Several factors will be addressed with regards to Ryanair’s financial issues, customer satisfaction, competitiveness, swot analysis, strategy sustainability, leadership of the CEO and corporate culture will all be looked at individually in context with the airline’s operations. 1. Financial and Customer satisfaction issues (Ryanair’s Ups and Downs) †¢ According to Michael O’Leary’s

Financial Structuring at Euro Disney Free Essays

Financial structuring at euro Disney 1984-85 Disney negotiates with Spain and France to create a European theme park. Chooses France as the site. 1987Disney signs letter of intent with the French government. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Structuring at Euro Disney or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1988 Selects lead commercial bank lenders for the senior portion of the project. Forms the (SNC). Beings planning for the equity offering of 51% of Euro Disneyland as required in the letter of intent. 1989 European press and stock analysts visit Walt Disney World in Orlando. Being extensive news and television campaign. Stock stars trading at 20-25 percent premium from the issue price. The layout of Euro Disneyland Euro Disneyland is determinedly American in its theme. There was an alcohol ban in the park despite the attitude amoung the French that wine with a meal is God-given right. Designers presented a plan for a Main Street USA, based on scenes of America in the 1920S. Eisner decreed that images of gangsters and speakeasies were too negative. Thiug made more ornate and Victorian than Walt Disney’s idealized Midwestern small town. Main Street remained Main Street. Steamships leave from Main Street the Grand Canyou Diorama en riunte to Frontierland. It was replaced by a gleaming brass and wood complex called Discoverland, which was based on themes of Jules Verne and Leonardo da Vinci. Eisner ordered $8 or $10 million in extras ti the â€Å" Visionarium ’’, exhibit, a360-degree movie about French culture which was required by the French in their original contract. With the American Wild West being so frequently captured on film, Europeans have their own idea if what life was like back then. In Fantasyland, designers strived to avoid competing with the nearby European reality of actual medieval towns, cathedrals, and chateaux. The park is criss-crossed with covered walkways. Eisner personally ordered the installation of 35 fireplaces in hotels and restaurants. Children all over Europe were primed to consume. Even one of the intellectuals who contributed to Disney-bashing broadsheet was forced to admit with resignation that his 10year-old son † swears by Michael Jackson † At Euro Disneyland, under the name † Capital Eo,† Disney just so happened to have a Michael Jackson attracting him. Disney expected to serve 15000 to 17000 meals per hour, excluding snake. Menus and service system were developed so that they varied both in style and price. There is a 400 seat buffet, 6 table service restaurant, 12 counter service units, 10 snack bars, 1 Discovery food court seating 850, 9 popcorn wagons, 15 ice-cream carts, 14 specialty food carts, and 2 employee cafeterias. Food service will reflect the fable’s country of origin: Pinocchio’s facility having German food; Cinderella’s French; Bella Notte’s, Italian and so on. Many Europeans don’t care much for very spicy food, Tex-Mex recipes were toned down. A special coffee blend had to be developed which would have universal appeal. Hot dog cart would reflect the regionalism of American tastes. How to cite Financial Structuring at Euro Disney, Papers

Managing People and Organization part of organization behavior

Introduction The concept of management has been studied and explored for centuries. Many business experts have endeavored to unravel the truth behind management of organizations and its overall impact in the business performance. Based on this analogy, it follows that managers play a crucial role in directing certain activities within an organization.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Managing People and Organization part of organization behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They can either cause an organization to prosper or fall down to its knees, depending on several management principles, which might be adopted (Jones George, 2007). This case study explores how various organizations get affected by different management patterns, with reference to Lehman Brothers. To attain this objective, several segments will be covered including the company’s profile, history, business growth, growth, crisis circumstances, bankruptcy and its current situation. Lehman Brothers Lehman Brothers is one of the companies in the world, which will forever be remembered for its major role in the commercial and financial history of the United States. For more than one hundred and fifty years, the company remained active in the American market, expanding its services to several countries around the world (Ryback, 2012). A close analysis of Lehman Brothers offers insights into how the American market has been transformed through industrial and technological advancement. Company profile Lehman Brothers was once a common name on the New York Stock Exchange before it collapsed in 2008. The company specialized in financial services across the world. It is worth noting that Lehman Brothers was ranked as the fourth largest investment organization in the country. The company was widely involved in an array of financial activities, including but not limited to investment banking, private banking, trading a nd private equity. At the peak of the global financial crisis in 2008, the company was among several others, which could not survive the crisis. In September 2008, the firm applied for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, after a huge number of its clients withdrew from the company. Besides this, Lehman further registered massive losses on the stock market, with most of its assets being devalued by several American agencies dealing in credit rating (Ryback, 2012). Aside from its outstanding performance in America’s financial market, the organization equally registered the largest bankruptcy in the country’s history. As a result, the company is considered to have contributed towards the global economic crisis, which rocked the world in 2000s. Following the filling that was done of September 15 2008, Barclays agreed to purchase the company, even though the decision was to receive a regulatory approval to allow change of ownership and management of the organization. The agre ement was endorsed by James Peck of the U.S. Bankruptcy Court, a few days after it had been filed.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Importantly, Barclays was to acquire the company’s head office building in New York and several North-American investment divisions. Seven days after this agreement, Nomura Holdings went on record by expressing its intensions to purchase the company’s assets in Australia, Japan and Hong Kong (Ryback, 2012). Additionally, Nomura was to acquire the company’s investments in parts of the Middle East and Europe. The deal was sealed on October 13 2008. Company History The history of Lehman Brothers dates back in mid 19th century when, Henry Lehman immigrated to America from German at the age of twenty three years in 1844. While in Alabama, Henry ran a dry goods store, named, ‘H. Lehman’ before it changed to Ã¢â‚¬Ë œH. Lehman and Bro’ in 1847, when he was joined by his brother, Emmanuel Lehman. Lehman Brothers was finally established in the year 1850, when Mayer Lehman, the youngest brother teamed up in Alabama (Barsch, 2012). Due to the availability of cotton in 1850s, the three brothers considered it as a form of payment for merchandise. As a result, they started dealing in cotton business, before it expanded to become a leading segment of their operations. Unfortunately, Henry Lehman succumbed to yellow fever in 1855, leaving the business in the hands of his two brothers, who focused on trade and brokerage. As the cotton business continued to expand, most activities shifted to New York City, where Lehman Brothers launched its first branch office. For effective management, Emmanuel moved to New York City (Barsch, 2012). The Civil War of 1862 saw Lehman Brothers, team-up with John Durr, a merger that resulted into the birth of Lehman, Durr Co. It is believed that the new company played a major role in the reconstruction of Alabama. Their joint efforts further bred the New York Cotton Exchange in the year 1870. Additionally, the firm explored other fields like the railroad bonds and financial advisory business. By 1883, Lehman Brothers gained membership for the New York Stock Exchange, where they had their initial public offering in 1899. In 1906, the firm experienced a shift from its partnered with Goldman Sachs, to form the General Cigar Co. under the leadership of Philip Lehman. The following years saw Lehman Brothers underwrite several issues, in collaboration with Goldman Sachs. In 1925, Lehman Brothers experienced a change in management after Robert Lehman rose to the helm of the company’s management from his father, Philip Lehman. It is during Philip’s time that the company embarked on venture capital as the market continued to grow, moving to the One William Street location (Barsch, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom case study sam ple on Managing People and Organization part of organization behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lehman Brothers underwrote the initial public offering of Dulmont, which facilitated the financing of America’s Radio Corporation in 1930s. Besides this, they were involved in the funding of other companies like Kerr-McKee and Halliburton. It is believed that 1924 marked a turning point in the running of the company as John Hancock became the first non-family member to partner with the company. Others who followed suit included Paul Mazur and Gutman Munroe in 1927. Robert Lehman, the last family member to lead the firm died in 1969, leaving a huge management gap, coined with the looming financial crisis (Barsch, 2012). This saw Pete Peterson coming on board to save the situation, based on his management experience at Bell Howell Corporation. Under the leadership of Pete, the company experienced several mergers and acquisition s, i.e. it acquired Abraham Co. before merging with Kuhn, Loeb Co., which was considered to be financially struggling. The resultant company, Lehman Brothers, Kuhn Loeb Inc. rose to become the fourth leading investment bank. Credit was given to Peterson for leading the company from dwindling performance to reputable profit margins in five consecutive years (HITC, 2008). Despite the company’s outstanding performance, there was mounting pressure from traders and bankers. This forced Peterson to appoint Lewis Glucksman as the company’s co-CEO in 1983. This was the beginning of management issues as the CEOs conflicted in terms of their management styles. Consequently, power pressure and poor performance of the company led to the ousting of Peterson, one of the firm’s best CEO. Unfortunately, upset bankers left the company, following management wrangles, which haunted the firm. Although Lehman Brothers had a strong competitive internal environment, it could not ove rcome the test of time. It was this pressure that compelled Glucksman to sell it to Shearson at $360 million in 1984. In 1988, the company’s merger with E.F. Hutton Co. bred Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. (HITC, 2008). Due to diversification of several firms, most of them were spun off as the organization retained its original name as Lehman Brothers. The firm’s head offices at World Trade Center were destroyed by the 2001 terror attack, causing it to shift to Manhattan in 2002. The Company got intertwined into the American mortgage lending crisis, which ushered it to the world of bankruptcy in 2008. After it filed a bankruptcy petition, its assets were sold out to several firms like Barclays and Nomura among others.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Business crisis circumstances According to financial analysts, the housing boom experienced in early 2003 was to haunt Lehman Brothers because of the financial decisions, which were adopted. As a result of the boom, Lehman Brothers ratified a decision that supported the purchase of five mortgage lenders, which included BNC Mortgage and Aurora Loan Services. Unlike other mortgage providers, Aurora allowed borrowing of cash without complete documentation from customers. The initial stages of the acquisition were quite encouraging as its revenues in the real estate business grew exponentially between 2004 and 2006. It is during this time that Lehman Brothers registered higher profits in real estate than asset management or any other form of banking investment. By 2006, Lehman Brothers had gathered approximately $146 billion, which translated into an increment of ten percent from the previous year. This trend was to continue up to 2007, when the company registered a historic net income of $4.2 billion, which was realized from total revenue of $19.3 billion (HITC, 2008). Company miscalculation By the year 2008, the company’s stock hit a new value of $86.1, which had not been witnessed throughout its history. This meant that Lehman Brothers enjoyed a market capitalization of nearly $60 billion. Nevertheless, there were tangible cracks in the housing market, leading to a rise in defaults, especially on subprime mortgages. After the first quarter of 2007, there were concerns over the high rate of mortgage defaults that was likely to affect the performance of Lehman Brothers (HITC, 2008). Nonetheless, the concern was followed by the firm’s record profit announcement. Lehman Brothers management, including the company’s financial officer, saw no need of getting alarmed by home delinquencies; they believed that the looming financial crisis was not going to affect their performance. Additionally, the CFO noted that the crisis within the subprime mortga ges was not going to affect the country’s economy. Lehman Brothers Downfall The credit crisis that started in August 2007 had significant impact on Lehman’s stability as its stocks registered a shocking drop on the stock market. As a result, the company was forced to react by retrenching 2,500 people, who worked in mortgage related sections. In addition, the firm closed down its BNC unit, due to the losses that were already visible, together with Aurora offices in three American states. Even as the U.S. government erected measures to tame the situation, Lehman Brothers continued to dominate the housing market (HITC, 2008). The firm gathered $85 billion in 2007, which was four times its shareholders’ equity and the leading in the market. This was realized when it underwrote several mortgage securities. While many people expected the company to act swiftly in containing the mortgage crisis towards the end of 2007, no serious action was implemented. Towards bankrup tcy Unlike other mortgage companies in the country, Lehman Brothers was surrounded by certain factors, which made it more vulnerable to the effects of the looming crisis in America. Its ratio of assets to shareholders’ equity reached thirty one percent in 2007, with enormous mortgage securities. Bear Stearns’ situation nearly collapsed in March 2008. This caused an alarm that resulted into a drop of up to 48% in Lehman’s status; many thought that Lehman was to follow suit as the second mortgage underwriter to fall (Fitzpatrick Thomson, 2011). Investors’ confidence in the company slightly increased in April 2008, through an issue of preferred stock, which favored Lehman’s shares. Nevertheless, the trend did not last as managers got concerned with the firm’s mortgage portfolio. Lehman Brothers recorded a loss of $2.8 billion on June 9 2008. This was the first loss, which the company had registered, from the time it was spun off. Despite this loss, the company’s management announced that a total of $6 billion had been collected from the organization’s investors. Furthermore, its liquidity pool had risen to a total of $45 billion as its gross assets dropped with a margin of $147 billion (Fitzpatrick Thomson, 2011). Reaction to the crisis Lehman’s response to the crisis was considered to be negligible and too late. This included several overtures, which were made to its prospective partners during summer. While these efforts were on, its stock fell by 77% in September 2008, amid poor performance of several markets around the world. It was during this time that investors put the company’s management to task over its intentions to remain independent (Fitzpatrick Thomson, 2011). Moreover, the management became hopeless when Korea Development Bank put on hold its pursued interest to purchase a stake of Lehman Brothers. This development was quite devastating; the company registered a 45% fall in it s stalks and a further 66% of credit-default swaps. As a result, several hedge fund clients cut links with the company, together with short-term creditors. Its fiscal performance, which was announced on September 10 2008, emphasized the fact that its financial base was quite fragile due to the unfolding events within the global financial market. This had led to a $3.9 billion loss and $5.6 billion write-down. In addition, the company’s management saw the need of restructuring its business in order to counteract the effects of the crisis, which were threatening the survival of the firm. This was followed by a decision to evaluate the company’s credit ratings and a suggestion to sell its stake to a strategic investor to avoid a fall in its rating. Unfortunately, these efforts saw the company drop to a 42% in its stock, in twenty four hours (Williams, 2010). A series of the company’s unsuccessful plans left it with $1 billion by the end of the week. One of the resc ue options was an agreement with Barclays PLC and Bank of America to oversee the takeover, but it did not go through. Having exhausted all it considered to be rescue strategies, Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy, mid September, after registering a dismal performance and a drop of 93 % in its stocks (Williams, 2010). The collapse of Lehman Brothers was not an ordinary occurrence in the U.S. financial market and around the world. This was based on its market stake and influence in America and other countries. There were many unanswered questions about the collapse, with a section of observers questioning the government’s responsibility to support Lehman, as it had intervened in Bear Stearns in March 2008. The company lost up to $46 billion (Williams, 2010). Management Failure From the analysis of the case study above, it is evident that the collapse of Lehman Brothers was intertwined with a range of issues. While most financial firms suffered as a result of the looming global financial crisis, the role of the management in Lehman’s case was questionable. Simple management principles were violated, leading to a plunge of the firm’s stock and ultimate collapse in September 2008. This segment gives a critical analysis of the company’s management approach and how it promoted its demise (Delaney, 2011). The issue of excess leverage significantly affected Lehman Brothers. Under normal circumstances, financial leverage involves investing of a loan in order to realize as high rate of return as possible. What is obtained as the difference between the loan rate and the interest rate is referred to as the spread. It is quite common for banks to engage in borrowing of money from other financial institutions and settle their debts under a fixed interest rate. For the case of Lehman Brothers, it is evident to note that the firm was overleveraged. The company’s management agreed to borrow money from other sources to invest in numerous proje cts, with the main one being in mortgage securities. Nevertheless, it was realized that most of the collateral assets had a lower value than expected (Delaney, 2011). As a result, mortgage-backed securities became valueless while the firm’s spread experienced a shift from positive to negative. The company experienced good performance, being ranked among leading American firms for many years. The company further started with a balance sheet, which showed that it owned resources, which were more than what it owed. This was quite encouraging as it indicated its stability and opportunities for making profits. However, this trend did not last forever as Lehman owed more than what it owned; an indication of business collapse. Many expected swift measures from the management, which instead took the matter lightly, noting that the global financial crisis was not going to affect the firm (Delaney, 2011). This assumption turned out to haunt the management before handing it over to the world of bankruptcy. The failure to tame the situation was a demonstration of management failure, since managers are charged with giving direction and setting pace in the business world (Jones George, 2007). Additionally, the company failed to respond on debt-to-equity ratios. Under normal operations, these ratios denote the value of a company’s debt, measured against a corresponding dollar of equity. This ratio is regulated by the Federal Insurance Corporation, which favors a value of 10:1. It is important to note that FDIC does not regulate investment banks, causing them to maintain high ratios. For instance, Lehman Brothers registered a ratio of 60:1, implying a low cushion value. Due to lack of intervention, such high ratios for the company implied that bankruptcy was inevitable in the case (Barsch, 2012). The compensation plan, which was crafted by Lehman’s management, further spelt doom for the success of the company. In most cases, bonuses and compensation sche mes arose when the organization’s performance was at its peak. However, investors and employees were not asked to give any money back to the firm (Barsch, 2012). In other words, the scheme was keen to reward high levels of risk taking, which generated high returns, but failed to take similar measures as a result of losses and low returns. The management did not critically look into the implications of the scheme before implementing it. Besides general management failure, the contribution of individual CEOs also led to the collapse of the firm. A good example is Richard J. Fuld, who worked for the company for years, rising to become the firm’s chairman. He was well known as a risk taker and had high expectations of loyalty from his staff. He was brutal and constantly intimidated other employees of the company. Because of his personality, Fuld rejected being advised by his senior executives. He believed in himself and ignored other people, serving Lehman solely from his office. This management style severely haunted the company as it bred miscalculation of the impact of the financial crisis for mitigation measures to be erected (Barsch, 2012). The company’s Board of Directors did not have enough experience in overseeing an investment company, which had diverse goals in the financial market. To make matters worse, the board had only one member from outside who had formal knowledge and background of the financial sector. As a result, it was impossible for the company to consider a halt of portfolio expansion in the real estate industry and unpromising securities. The functioning of the risk committee also showed how incompetent the board was. Between 2002 and 2007, the committee did not see the need for frequent meeting as it met twice a year (Ryback, 2012). This was quite daring as the global financial crisis was just around the corner. Contrary to the expectations of many, the board endorsed a remuneration package of about $500 million to Ri chard J. Fuld. Fuld did not see any problem with the move despite the fact that Lehman Brothers was grasping for its last moments. A few days before the company announced a loss of approximately $4 billion, Mr. Fuld commended the entire board for its support. He lacked the interests of the firm at heart to have accepted such a hefty package when the firm was headed for a downfall. To add insult on the company’s incompetent management, Richard J. Fuld did not see the need of selling the firm at a discount in 2007, following Hank Paulson’s recommendations. He believed that the firm was fit to be sold off at a premium. As if this was not enough, the management unanimously agreed to distribute shares to its employees in early 2008, hopping to realize better prices, which would generate higher payouts (Ryback, 2012). This was the least that the management could offer, based on the global economic status and performance of the firm. Management Solutions Although the collapse of Lehman Brothers was partly attributed to the global financial crisis, the management was also responsible for failing to respond swiftly. This means that the management had a role of implementing certain measures capable of stabilizing the situation and save the firm from liquidation (Jones George, 2004). As mentioned above, the leverage level of Lehman was too high. Consequently, the firm got addicted to debts, putting the bank at the edge of collapsing. The most appropriate remedy for this situation was the implementation of borrowing control measures to tame the debt-to-equity ratio (Jones George, 2007). Lehman Brothers’ management had the most significant role in taming the situation. It needed a market oversight team to actively address the changing financial dynamics in the market. Although the risk committee was to advise the firm’s management, this was not easy due to its inefficiency and inactiveness; it met twice annually between 2000 and 2007. Harmoniz ed management was equally necessary to sail through the stormy financial market. This was not the case as senior executives like Fuld made independent decisions and remained defiant to his senior managers. Additionally, it was necessary for the firm to hire competent managers and strategic analysts to study market trends and make informed decisions (Jones George, 2004). This would have saved the company from cases of doling of the company’s shares and unwarranted payment of hefty packages to its managers, when it needed money to save it. Conclusion From the above case analysis of Lehman Brothers, it is evident that the management of an organization plays a major role in determining its performance. Based on decisions made, a firm can either thrive or crumble. For Lehman, the bankruptcy misfortune can largely be attributed to ineffective management, which was later coupled with the late 2000s financial crisis that rocked world markets. References Barsch, P. (2012). Marketing Lessons Learned from the Collapse of Lehman Brothers. Scribd. Web. Delaney, T. (2011). Lehman Brothers. Financial Training Partners. Web. Fitzpatrick, T., Thomson, J. (2011). How Well Does Bankruptcy Work When Large Financial Firms Fail? Some Lessons from Lehman Brothers. Economic Commentary, (23), 1-6. HITC. (2008). Lehman Brothers – A Brief History. Here is the City. Web. Jones, G., George, J. (2004). Essentials of Contemporary Management. New York City: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Jones, G., George, J. (2007). Contemporary Management. New York City: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Ryback, W. (2012). Lehman brothers: Too Big to Fail? Toronto Leadership Centre for Financial Sector Supervision. Web. Williams, M. (2010). Uncontrolled Risk: The Lessons of Lehman Brothers and How Systemic Risk Can Still Bring Down the World Financial System. New York City: McGraw-Hill Professional. This case study on Managing People and Organization part of organization behavior was written and submitted by user Angelica Pennington to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.